こんにちわ。
毎日寒いですね。早く春になってほしいものです。むしろ夏がきてほしいです。
今回は、技術的なことでフォトショップを使用した人物写真の切り抜きの方法を紹介します。
人物の切り抜きって結構めんどくさいですよね。特に髪の毛の部分とか細かい箇所。髪の細かいとことかパスなんか取ってられません。
そんなめんどくさい作業もフォトショップの「境界線を調整」機能を使えば割と簡単にきれいな切り抜きが出来ますので、それを紹介します。
切り抜きが苦手な方は参考にしていただければと思います。
日常的にフォトショップ使っている方々はもう知っているかもしれませんが、復習のつもりでご覧いただければ幸いです。
こちらの写真を切りぬきながら説明したいと思います。（写真1）
まずはペンツールでパスを取っていきます。髪の毛とかの細かい部分以外はきっちりパス取っていきます。（写真2）この作業が一番大変です。
髪の毛周辺はざっくりしたパスで大丈夫です。（写真3）パス取れたら作業的には半分以上完了です。パスの保存を忘れずに。僕はたまに忘れて落ち込んでます。
パスを選択範囲にしまして、髪の毛の部分はなげなわツールを使用して髪の外側部分を除外して、内側に選択範囲を作ります。（写真4）なげなわツールはoptionキーを押しながら使えば囲んだ箇所を除外できます。
その選択範囲で画像をコピペします。
こんな感じになります。頭がガタガタになっておりますが、これでOKです。（写真5）細かい髪の毛の部分は後の「境界線を調整」で補います。
一旦コピペした画像は非表示にして取っておきます。
次はまた元画像から最初に作成したパスで選択範囲を取ります。
ここで「境界線を調整」機能を使います。
「選択範囲」→「境界線を調整」（ショートカットはcommand+option+R）です。
「境界線を調整」画面が表示されます。
それで、これを「半径を表示」にチェックし、数値を画像のように入れます。（写真6）
この数値は写真の解像度によって丁度いい数値が違ってきますので、その都度調整しましょう。
出力先は「新規レイヤー（レイヤーマスクあり）」です。
そうしましたら、「エッジの検出」の横にあるブラシのマークを使用して、輪郭をなぞります。（写真7）
なぞるのは髪の毛周辺部分だけで大丈夫です。体は非表示にしたレイヤーのもので後ほどフォローできますので、ほっときます。
なぞれましたら、OKします。
新規でレイヤーマスクのある切り抜き画像ができます。これだけでもかなり精密に切り抜きできてる感じがします。
ここで非表示にしていた先程の切り抜き画像を表示します。
大体写真のように切り抜きができています。（写真8）分かりやすい様に適当な色でレイヤーの一番下にべた塗りしたものをおいておきます。
この段階ではまだ髪の毛周辺がボヤッと白く残ってしまっていますので、作成したレイヤーマスクを選択し、「焼き込みツール」で ボヤッとした周辺をなぞります。（レイヤーマスクが選択できているか注意しましょう。）
そうしたら背景のボヤッとした部分が薄くなっていきます。（写真9）やりすぎると細かい毛も消えていってしまい、ガサガサっとしますので、適当なところで止めておきましょう。
（逆に、濃くするなら「覆い焼きツール」を使います。）
で、このマスクのレイヤーは正直髪の部分しか必要ありませんので、体の部分はマスクでスパッと消してしまいましょう。（写真10）最初にコピペした画像で体はフォローできるので。
ちょっと消えすぎた箇所なんかはブラシで戻したり逆に消したりと微調整しましたら、これで完了です。（写真11）
解像度や背景の複雑さにもよりますが、結構この方法でキレイに切りぬきできちゃいます。
「境界線の調整」機能はCS5以降の導入らしいので、該当するバージョンをお持ちでまだ使用したことがない方は是非ご活用ください。
（今のCCでは「選択とマスク」という機能があり、これが「境界線の調整」の後継的な機能ですので、CCの人はこちらの機能を使いましょう。）
使えば数段、切り抜き作業が楽になります。CS4使ってたときは最早どうやって切りぬいていたか覚えてません笑
色んなサイトでこの「境界線の調整」機能は紹介されているのですが、どのサイトも微妙に使い方が異なっておりますので、
人それぞれの使い方があるようです。僕も色々参考にして、この方法に落ち着きました。
Photoshopの画像合成チュートリアルとかも同じ方法でやっているつもりでも、作業環境の違いとか、画像のサイズ違いとか微妙な違いで同じ様な処理にならなかったりしますので（初めて使う機能だと特に。絶対違う感じになるんですけど何故ですか？）、
何度か試してみて、自分なりの方法に落とし込んでいくのが良いのだと思います。
噂によるともっと新しい機能を使用すれば、切り抜きだけじゃなくて、画像の合成とかも非常に簡単にできる様になっているそうです。
その辺の機能も勉強しましたら、今後掲載していこうと思います。ほっといたら技術がすぐ進歩していっちゃうので、頑張ってついていかないとだめですね。
自分の業務範囲だけでも最新の知識を持っておきたいです。
昔はPhotoshopに透明機能がなかったそうです。それでも切り抜きやら合成やらできていた訳ですから、驚きです。
そう考えるとどんどん便利になっていきますね!
そのうち指で画面なぞったら切りぬきできてる!みたいな機能とかできるんじゃないですか？マジで。
そういえば、更なる作業効率アップのために、最近ペンタブレットを導入しましたので、
これの便利な使い方とかおすすめのブラシ設定やショートカットなんかも今後紹介できればいいなと思っております。
まだ使い始めて時間が浅いですけど、ペンタブレット使ってみると、とにかく手が楽です。マウスを使用するのに比べて各段に手の疲労が軽減されます。
合成で画像馴染ませるのも、ブラシ使えば筆圧感知してくれるのでニュアンスが表現しやすいです。便利。
みたいなことをもうちょっと研究できたら掲載したいなと思います。
まだまだ知らない機能がたくさんあるみたいですし、今後も何か面白い機能とか発見できましたらこの場を借りて発信していきたいと思います。
それではまた。
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